JEFFERSON TO THE 1820S

SHAPE OF THE NATION:

2.5 million in 1775
5.3 million in 1800

300,000 in towns of 2500 or more (less than 7% “urban”)
893,000 people in slavery

"My father was a farmer and by the help of his trusty rifle kept the family in wild meat such as bear, elk, deer, and wild Turkey."

"My Farm gave me and my family a good living on the produce of it; and left me, one year after another, one hundred and fifty dollars, for I have never spent more than ten dollars a year, which was for salt, nails, and the like. Nothing to wear, eat, or drink was purchased, as my farm produced all."

From Jefferson to the 1820s

I. Election of 1800

Revolution of 1800?

II. The Courts
Marbury v. Madison (1803)

III. The West: Completing the Vision
A. Louisiana Purchase
B. Lewis and Clark

"…the wife of Charbonneau, a Snake Squaw [Shoshone Indian Woman], died of putrid fever…She was aged about 25 years. She left a fine infant girl." (1811)

May 15, 1804
Meriwether Lewis
... Persons accustomed to the navigation of the Missouri and the Mississippi also below the mouth of this river, uniformly take the precaution to load their vessels heavyest in the bow when they ascend the stream in order to avoid the danger incedent to runing foul of the concealed timber which lyes in great quantitites in the beds of these rivers
May 15, 1804
William Clark
...the Boat run on Logs three times to day, owing [to] her being too heavyly loaded a Sturn... I saw a number of Goslings to day on the Shore, the water excessively rapid, & Banks falling in.
May 16, 1804
William Clark
Orderly Book, St. Charles May 16th 1804
Note the Commanding officer is full[y] assured that every man of his Detachment will have a true respect for their own Dignity and not make it necessary for him to leave St. Charles for a more retired position.
May 16, 1804
Joseph Whitehouse
... [we ar]rived at St. Charls. and passed the evening with a [gr]eat deal of Satisfaction, all chearful and in good spirits. this place is an old french village Situated on the North Side of the Missourie and are dressy polite people and Roman Catholicks.
May 17, 1804
William Clark
A fair day compelled to punish for misconduct...
Orderly Book, Orders, St. Charles, Thursday the 17th of May 1804
A Sergeant and four men of the Party destined for the Missouri Expidition will convene at 11 oClock to day on the quarter Deck of the Boat, and form themselves into a Court Martial to hear and determine (in behalf of the Capt.) the evidences aduced against William Warner & Hugh Hall for being absent last night without leave; contrary to orders; -- & John Collins 1st for being absent without leave -- 2nd for behaveing in an unbecomeing manner at the Ball last night -- 3dly for Speaking in a language last night after his return tending to bring into disrespect the orders of the Commanding officer
Signd. W. Clark Comdg.
May 18, 1804
Joseph Whitehouse
we bought some acceseries &c. for the voiage. passed the evening verry agreeable dancing with the french ladies, &c.
May 20, 1804
William Clark
... I gave the party leave to go and hear a Sermon delivered by ... a roman Carthlick Priest
May 20, 1804
Meriwether Lewis
(He joins the party at St. Charles)
... The Vilage contains a Chappel, one hundred dwelling houses, and about 450 inhabitants; their houses are generally small and but illy constructed; a great majority of the inhabitants are miserably pour illiterate and when at home excessively lazy, tho' they are polite hospitable and by no means deficient in point of natural genious, they live in a perfect state of harmony among each other, and place as implicit confidence in the doctrines of their speritual pastor, the Roman Catholic priest, as they yeald passive obedience to the will of their temporal master the commandant...
...These people are principally the decendants of the Canadian French, and it is not an inconsiderable proportion of them that can boast a small dash of the pure blood of the aborigines of America...
May 20, 1804
John Ordway
I and a nomber of the party went to the Mass, ...
May 20, 1804
Joseph Whitehouse
Several of the party went to church, which the french call Mass, and Sore [saw] their way of performing &c.
May 23, 1804
William Clark
We Set out early ran on a Log and detain one hour... Sent out two hunters, one Killed a deer.
(They went 9 miles this day; passed the mouth of the Femme Osage River, where Daniel Boone was living at the time; he had taken a Spanish land grant in 1798. He died along the Femme Osage on Sept. 26, 1820.)
May 23, 1804
Patrick Gass
arrived at St. Johns, a small French village situated on the north side, and encamped a quarter of a mile above it. This is the last settlement of white people on the river.
May 23, 1804
Joseph Whitehouse
a fair morning. we Set out 6 oClock A. m. and proceeded on verry well. passed Some Inhabitants called boons Settlement.
May 23, 1804
Charles Floyd
we Set out at 6 oclock A m plesent day passed the wife of Osoge River three miles and half we pased the tavern or Cave a noted place on the South Side of the River 120 Long 20 feet in Debth 40 feet purpendickler on the South Side of the River high Cliftes
May 24, 1804
William Clark
(A close call on the river. To avoid falling banks, the boat was steered away from the side, rammed onto a sand bar.)
...The Swiftness of the Current Wheeled the boat, Broke our Toe rope, and was nearly over Setting the boat, all hands jumped out on the upper Side and bore on that Side untill the Sand washed from under the boat and Wheeled on the next bank...
(Swimmers took a new rope to the shore, and things were restored to normal)
... This place I call retragrade bend as we were obliged to fall back 2 miles
May 25, 1804
Joseph Whitehouse
towards evening we arived at a french village called St. Johns, ... a boat came here loaded with fur & Skins -- had been a long destance up the River tradeing with the Savages &c. we Camped near this Small village this is the last Settlement of white people on this River.
May 25, 1804
Charles Floyd
encamped at a French village Called St. Johns this is the Last Setelment of whites on this River
May 26, 1804
Meriwether Lewis
Detachment Orders. May 26th 1804.
...The day after tomorrow lyed corn and grece will be issued to the party, the next day Poark and flour, and the day following indian meal and poark; and in conformity to that rotiene provisions will continue to be issued to the party untill further orders. shouled any of the messes prefer indian meal to flour they may receive it accordingly -- no poarch is to be issued when we have fresh meat on hand...
May 28, 1804
William Clark
Rained hard all last night some thunder & lightning...
May 28, 1804
Joseph Whitehouse
as I was a hunting this day I came across a cave on the South Side or fork of a River about 100 yards from the River. I went a 100 yards under ground. had no light in my hand if I had, I should have gone further their was a Small Spring in it. it is the most remarkable cave I ever Saw, in my travels.
May 29, 1804
William Clark
Rained last night...
May 29, 1804
John Ordway
one man Whitehouse lost hunting
May 30, 1804
William Clark
Rained all last night. Set out at 6 oClock after a heavy shower, and proceeded on... a heavy wind accompanied with rain & hail we made 14 miles to day, the river Continud to rise, the Country on each Side appear full of Water.
May 31, 1804
William Clark
rained the greater part of last night...
June 03, 1804
William Clark
...I have a bad cold with a Sore throat...
June 04, 1804
William Clark
...passed a Small Creek... we named Nightingale Creek from a Bird of that discription which Sang for us all last night, and is the first of the Kind I ever heard...
...the Serjt. at the helm run under a bending Tree & broke the Mast...
June 04, 1804
John Ordway
a fair day 3 hunters went out. our mast broke by my Stearing the Boat near the Shore the Rope or Stay to her mast got fast in a limb of a Secamore tree & it broke verry Easy. passed a Creek on the South Side about 15 yds wide which we name nightingale Creek, this Bird Sung all last night & is the first we heard below on the River ... Rising land, Delightfull Timber of oak ash, Black walnut hickery &c. ... our hunters killed 8 Deers it was Jerked this evening &C.
June 04, 1804
Charles Floyd
... ouer Stersman Let the Boat Run under a lim and Broke our mast off 3 miles past a Creek on the South Side Called mast creek a Butifull a peas of Land as ever I saw walnut shoger tree ash and mulber trees Level land on both sides.
June 05, 1804
John Ordway
we passed a high Clifts of Rocks on which was Painted the Pickture of the Devil on South Side of the River.
June 06, 1804
William Clark
...The banks are falling in verry much to day river rose last night a foot.
...Some buffalow Sign to day


IV. Slavery
V. Jeffersonians become
“federalists”
A. Louisiana Purchase/
Lewis and Clark
B. National Bank
C. High Tariff
D. Strong Military

VI. Foreign Entanglements:
War of 1812

VII. The Transportation Revolution
1. Canals http://www.eriecanal.org/locks.html
2. Turnpikes
3. Steamboats

VIII. The “Knell” of the Union
The Missouri Compromise: 1821